Freethought
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The Cārvākas against Caste and Gender Discrimination
Before modern egalitarianism challenged traditional hierarchies, ancient India’s materialist heretics dismantled the sacred pillars of social division. Rejecting divine birthrights, textual dogma, and patriarchal subjection, the Cārvākas insisted that physical reality binds all humanity equally—forging a surprisingly radical, democratic social vision that scandalized the orthodox defenders of the status quo.
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In Defence of Reason
This essay defends rationality against modern fundamentalism and postmodern critiques, drawing parallels between classical Greek drama and Indian philosophy. Highlighting quotes from Sophocles, Euripides, and the Yogavāsiṣṭha, it underscores that reason must be continuously cultivated. In ancient India, the heterodox Cārvāka materialists stood out as uncompromising rationalists who rejected uncritical scriptural authority.