Mādhavācārya’s 14th-century Sarva-Darśana-Saṃgraha opening chapter introduces the Chārvāka, or Lokāyata, school of Indian materialism. Translated by E.B. Cowell and A.E. Gough, the text establishes direct perception as the only valid knowledge source, rejecting karma, supernatural forces, and immortal souls. It maintains that consciousness arises from material elements and emphasizes earthly pleasure.