CHARVAKA

Rationalism. Secularism. Freedom

Pratyakṣa

  • Materialism in Indian Philosophy

    SHRIPAD KRISHNA BELVALKAR

    and

    RAMCHANDRA DATTATREYA RANADE

    Tracing its roots from early Upanishadic heterodoxy and Ajita Keśakambalin’s radical elemental philosophy to the formal Lokāyata school, this compiled selection from S. K. Belvalkar and R. D. Ranade’s landmark 1927 volume presents Indian materialism as an influential, systematic framework of ancient rationalist thought that challenged orthodoxy and shaped early secular philosophy.

  • Ajita Kesa-Kambalin

    SHRIPAD KRISHNA BELVALKAR

    and

    RAMCHANDRA DATTATREYA RANADE

    Extracted from S. K. Belvalkar and R. D. Ranade’s History of Indian Philosophy (1927), this study examines the radical radicalism of Ajita Keśakambalin. Drawing from the Sāmaññaphala Sutta, the authors explore his rejection of ritualism, his four-element physicalism, and his place as an early precursor to full-fledged Cārvāka thought.