Ramkrishna Bhattacharya challenges the classification of Jayarāśibhaṭṭa’s Tattvopaplava-siṁha as a Cārvāka text. Highlighting internal textual evidence, he argues Jayarāśi rejected all pramāṇas and claimed intellectual superiority over Bṛhaspati. Rather than endorsing materialism, Jayarāśi established a distinct, radical doctrine—tattvopaplavavāda—aimed at upsetting all philosophical principles and refuting all opposing views.