Abraham Kovoor
In Richmond, Virginia,
one Mrs. C.D. Fonda owned a horse named ‘Lady Wonder’ reputed to possess
psychic powers. In the journal of ‘Abnormal
and Social Psychology’, Volume 23 (1929), on page 449-466 there appeared
an article headed “An investigation of
a Mind-reading Horse” by Dr. J.B. Rhine and Dr. Lousia E. Rhine of Duke University.
This article stated in parts:
one Mrs. C.D. Fonda owned a horse named ‘Lady Wonder’ reputed to possess
psychic powers. In the journal of ‘Abnormal
and Social Psychology’, Volume 23 (1929), on page 449-466 there appeared
an article headed “An investigation of
a Mind-reading Horse” by Dr. J.B. Rhine and Dr. Lousia E. Rhine of Duke University.
This article stated in parts:
“The animal, subject of the
experiment herein described, is a three-year-old filly, Lady Wonder, owned by
Mrs. C.D. Fonda of Richmond,
Virginia. According to reports
which led to our enquiry, the horse could make predictions, solve simple arithmetic
problems, answer questions aptly and intelligently, and do all these without
verbal commands. All what was needed was that the question be written down and
shown to Mrs. Fonda. In Mrs. Fonda’s opinion these accomplishments of the horse
were due to a combination of unusual intelligence and the capacity for
mind-reading”.
“Our Experiments were begun
on December 3rd, 1927, and ended on January 15th 1928, covering In this period
a total of six days. The tests were made at the residence of Mrs. Fonda in a
demonstration tent 9 x 12 feet.“Professor William McDougall
was present and participated in the experiments on two days and the Assistant
Superintendent of District Schools Mr. John F. Thomas on one day. Others
present were Mrs. C.D. Fonda, Dr. J.B. Rhine, and Dr. Lousia Rhine”.
So, Dr. Rhine after employing his
great telepathy testing technique on Lady Wonder for six days aided by a number
of his colleagues including his superior at Duke University, Professor William
McDougall, and after taking one year’s time to think over the matter and discuss
with his colleagues, wrote:-
great telepathy testing technique on Lady Wonder for six days aided by a number
of his colleagues including his superior at Duke University, Professor William
McDougall, and after taking one year’s time to think over the matter and discuss
with his colleagues, wrote:-
“There is left only the
telepathic explanation, the transference of mental influence by an unknown
process. Nothing was discovered that failed to accord with it, and no other
hypothesis seems tenable in view of the results”.
In plain language the abovesimply means that the scientists of the department of psychology of Duke University
have stated in print their conclusion that Mrs. Fonda’s horse was capable of
reading a person’s mind.
Lady Wonder, thanks to Dr. Rhine,
became the most famous non-racing horse in the world, and helped her owner
earn fabulous fortune. This wonderful story of Lady Wonder was featured In newspapers
and magazines, including a spread in the LIFE
magazine. The 1956 July Issue of CHALLENGE credits Lady Wonder with aiding the
police in finding the dead body of a young boy.
became the most famous non-racing horse in the world, and helped her owner
earn fabulous fortune. This wonderful story of Lady Wonder was featured In newspapers
and magazines, including a spread in the LIFE
magazine. The 1956 July Issue of CHALLENGE credits Lady Wonder with aiding the
police in finding the dead body of a young boy.
It is estimated that Lady Wonder,
since the day that Dr. Rhine pronounced her psychic, has been seen and talked
to by 1,50,000 visitors who came to seek her help to solve their problems.
since the day that Dr. Rhine pronounced her psychic, has been seen and talked
to by 1,50,000 visitors who came to seek her help to solve their problems.
As the fame of Lady Wonder
reached Professor John Scarne in New
Jersey, he decided to investigate the case himself. One
afternoon Searne visited Mrs. Fonda’s farm in the company of Donald Grey. They
waited till the crowd of people who were having their minds read thinned out,
and entered a tent in which there were Mrs. Fonda and the three-year-old filly
Lady Wonder.
reached Professor John Scarne in New
Jersey, he decided to investigate the case himself. One
afternoon Searne visited Mrs. Fonda’s farm in the company of Donald Grey. They
waited till the crowd of people who were having their minds read thinned out,
and entered a tent in which there were Mrs. Fonda and the three-year-old filly
Lady Wonder.
Lady Wonder was standing in front
of a table on which were arranged several rows of lettered wooden blocks each
showing one letter of the alphabet. Mrs. Fonda explained to Scarne and others
there that Lady Wonder, after reading their mind, would answer the questions by
spelling out the answers. She went on to explain that the horse’s nose would
touch one letter at a time and thereby spell out the answer to the question.
of a table on which were arranged several rows of lettered wooden blocks each
showing one letter of the alphabet. Mrs. Fonda explained to Scarne and others
there that Lady Wonder, after reading their mind, would answer the questions by
spelling out the answers. She went on to explain that the horse’s nose would
touch one letter at a time and thereby spell out the answer to the question.
Scarne did not say a word but
just tried to look interested in a police officer in uniform talking to the
horse. This officer had come from Chicago
to consult Lady Wonder to solve a bank robbery. He asked the horse, “Lady,
do you know why I came”.
just tried to look interested in a police officer in uniform talking to the
horse. This officer had come from Chicago
to consult Lady Wonder to solve a bank robbery. He asked the horse, “Lady,
do you know why I came”.
Lady Wonder nosed the blocks and
spelled out YES. He then asked in a nervous voice, “Lady Wonder, how shall
I go about it?” Lady Wonder then nosed the letters WORK.
spelled out YES. He then asked in a nervous voice, “Lady Wonder, how shall
I go about it?” Lady Wonder then nosed the letters WORK.
The police officer then asked in
a begging tone, “I am sorry Lady for asking so many questions, but please
tell me where the robbers are at present”.
a begging tone, “I am sorry Lady for asking so many questions, but please
tell me where the robbers are at present”.
The horse touched the letters C.H.I
for Chicago. It
could not complete the word because 1he letter C would have to be used twice,
which meant Mrs. Fonda would have to move the block C in its original position.
She made it a practice never to come in front of the horse during performance.
for Chicago. It
could not complete the word because 1he letter C would have to be used twice,
which meant Mrs. Fonda would have to move the block C in its original position.
She made it a practice never to come in front of the horse during performance.
The police officer then turned to
the horse and said, “Thank you Lady. You have been of great help to
me”.
the horse and said, “Thank you Lady. You have been of great help to
me”.
Mrs. Fonda then told Scarne to
ask any question he wished. How do I do that?” Scarne asked. Mrs. Fonda
replied, Just say, Lady please tell me how did I come here?” Scarne repeated
the question.
ask any question he wished. How do I do that?” Scarne asked. Mrs. Fonda
replied, Just say, Lady please tell me how did I come here?” Scarne repeated
the question.
Lady wonder moved her head a bit,
and then dropped her head close to the lettered blocks on the table. After a
few seconds of hesitation Lady’s nose pushed the blocks marked C. She brought
her head upward again, then down again and the nose pushed the block marked A. Next
she pushed R. The three letters spelled out the word CAR.
and then dropped her head close to the lettered blocks on the table. After a
few seconds of hesitation Lady’s nose pushed the blocks marked C. She brought
her head upward again, then down again and the nose pushed the block marked A. Next
she pushed R. The three letters spelled out the word CAR.
After this demonstration of
mind-reading by Lady Wonder, Scarne turned to Mrs. Fonda and said, ”That’s
wonderful, but I have a question I am thinking of that I would like the Lady to
answer. How do I ask her without telling her what the question is?”
mind-reading by Lady Wonder, Scarne turned to Mrs. Fonda and said, ”That’s
wonderful, but I have a question I am thinking of that I would like the Lady to
answer. How do I ask her without telling her what the question is?”
Mrs. Fonda seemed stumped for a
moment, then handed over a pad and pencil to Scarne and said, “Write your question
in this pad, and don’t let the lady see it”. Scarne wrote the question on
the pad, but did so without Mrs. Fonda seeing it.
moment, then handed over a pad and pencil to Scarne and said, “Write your question
in this pad, and don’t let the lady see it”. Scarne wrote the question on
the pad, but did so without Mrs. Fonda seeing it.
Mrs. Fonda looked a hit disappointed,
but turned to lady and asked her to answer professor Scarne’ s question. The
horse did not move its head, and the reason was obvious to Scarne. After a few
minutes’ wait Scarne realized that if Mrs. Fonda did not see his question, the
horse was not going to push the blocks with her nose.
but turned to lady and asked her to answer professor Scarne’ s question. The
horse did not move its head, and the reason was obvious to Scarne. After a few
minutes’ wait Scarne realized that if Mrs. Fonda did not see his question, the
horse was not going to push the blocks with her nose.
So Scarne decided to let Mrs.
Fonda get a glimpse of the question without his apparently knowing what she
did. As Scarne turned to talk to his friend Grey, he surreptitiously turned over
the pad so that Mrs. Fonda could read the question, which read “Where do I
live?” Scarne turned around after he was convinced that Mrs. Fonda had seen the
question, and immediately Lady Wonder started to push around the blocks and
spelled the word NEW YORK.
Fonda get a glimpse of the question without his apparently knowing what she
did. As Scarne turned to talk to his friend Grey, he surreptitiously turned over
the pad so that Mrs. Fonda could read the question, which read “Where do I
live?” Scarne turned around after he was convinced that Mrs. Fonda had seen the
question, and immediately Lady Wonder started to push around the blocks and
spelled the word NEW YORK.
Scarne acted surprised and said,
“That is wonderful. How did Lady know that I lived in New York?” (Scarne actually lived in New Jersey). Scarne gave
Mrs. Fonda her fee – five dollars – and left with Grey.
“That is wonderful. How did Lady know that I lived in New York?” (Scarne actually lived in New Jersey). Scarne gave
Mrs. Fonda her fee – five dollars – and left with Grey.
As Scarne was driving back he
could not help but wonder if it were true that the professors from the Duke University
had been fooled by such an obvious bit of horseplay on the part of Mrs. Fonda.
could not help but wonder if it were true that the professors from the Duke University
had been fooled by such an obvious bit of horseplay on the part of Mrs. Fonda.
According to Scarne, the only
clever thing with Mrs. Fonda and her mind-reading horse was Mrs. Fonda’s salesmanship
in duping the professors.
clever thing with Mrs. Fonda and her mind-reading horse was Mrs. Fonda’s salesmanship
in duping the professors.
The simple fact of making Lady
Wonder push the blocks with her nose at the proper time is explained by Scarne
thus:-
Wonder push the blocks with her nose at the proper time is explained by Scarne
thus:-
“Mrs. Fonda carried a small whip
in her right hand, and she cued the horse by waving It. I detected Mrs. Fonda
doing it every time the horse moved the lettered blocks with the nose. This
method of doing the trick might have puzzled me if I hadn’t known that the
placement of horse’s eyes on ‘either side of the head gave them wide backward
range of peripheral vision. Therefore it offered no problem for me to detect.
“Mrs. Fonda, when cueing
Lady Wonder, stood about two-and-a-half feet behind, and approximately at a
60-degree angle to Lady’s head. The shaking of the whip first time was the signal
for Lady to bend her head within a couple of inches to the blocks. A second
shake of the whip was the cue for Lady to continuously move her head in a bent
position back and forth over the blocks. When Lady Wonder’s head was just above
the desired block Mrs. Fonda made the horse touch the block with her nose by shaking
the whip a third time. It was as simple as that”. (The Amazing World, pp. 247-53).
It does not surprise me that
Professor William McDougall was duped by a trickster woman and her trained
horse, but I am surprised that Dr. J.B. Rhine who is a biologist should have
forgotten the fact that a horse with its laterally placed eyes could see what was
taking place behind it.
Professor William McDougall was duped by a trickster woman and her trained
horse, but I am surprised that Dr. J.B. Rhine who is a biologist should have
forgotten the fact that a horse with its laterally placed eyes could see what was
taking place behind it.
With the publication of Professor
Scarne’s investigations came the end of Lady Wonder’s mind-reading career.
Scarne’s investigations came the end of Lady Wonder’s mind-reading career.
Need for Intellectual Integrity
For the sake of maintaining a
high degree of integrity for his researches and writings it was the duty of Dr.
Rhine himself to have given publicity about his failure to detect the fraud practised
by Mrs. Fonda. After all, scientists, unlike Popes, are not infallible. Had not
Professor John Scarne exposed this hoax, still the world would have believed, on
the authority of Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine, Director of Parapsychology at Duke University,
that telepathy occurs even among animals.
high degree of integrity for his researches and writings it was the duty of Dr.
Rhine himself to have given publicity about his failure to detect the fraud practised
by Mrs. Fonda. After all, scientists, unlike Popes, are not infallible. Had not
Professor John Scarne exposed this hoax, still the world would have believed, on
the authority of Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine, Director of Parapsychology at Duke University,
that telepathy occurs even among animals.
Since the name of his research
laboratory was linked up with the widely publicized “submarine telepathy”,
which was later proved to be a carefully planned fraud, was it not the duty of
Dr. Rhine to have published a disclaimer? His absolute silence with regard to
these two frauds, with which his names was connected directly or indirectly, gives
sufficient room for people to suspect Rhine’s
integrity.
laboratory was linked up with the widely publicized “submarine telepathy”,
which was later proved to be a carefully planned fraud, was it not the duty of
Dr. Rhine to have published a disclaimer? His absolute silence with regard to
these two frauds, with which his names was connected directly or indirectly, gives
sufficient room for people to suspect Rhine’s
integrity.
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